harlan county coal operators association

Toilets are built out over the river, and the water has obviously been much higher in the recent past. Funeral Wednesday March 1 at 11 a.m. at Grays Knob Bible Church. (Eastover, to repeat, now pays portal-to-portal wages for inside workers in its other mines and has raised the wages of nonstrikers to the UMW level.) Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Finally, in 1939, the coal companies agreed to allow unions in their coal mine operations. B.W. Why couldn't Eastover live with the same national UMW contract that so many other companies have accepted? He run all the way down the stairs and out of the jail." These women have organized a special kind of feminist movement, and the issues to them are life-and-death issues. The latest unrest in Harlan County came when in July of 2019, Black jewel LLC filed for bankruptcy and liquidation. On the way back to the Mount Aire at the end of the day, we pass back through Brookside with its deteriorating mining-camp houses along the stinking Clear Fork River. The radical ideology of the union began gaining some ground in the mountains. The Kentucky mining camps still had the paternalism idea in their mists and the ever-independent Appalachian people were not having it. Harlan County Coal Miners Deaths 1940-1949 1940 1940 Hayes, Petry - Harlan Central Coal Company Totz No. It comes to a bill of about $20,000 a week for the national union. Three of our Inquiry members plan to talk with the president of Duke Power Company. Now, along a cloudy green stream, or through deep cuts in the mountains, or high atop a timbered ridge, looking down on green quilt-patch valleys, we wind our way toward Harlan. Typical of counties with low income, counties where the mine companies own everything and pay low taxes, our UMW driver says. However, after the dust was clear, the anti-labor coal country would end up being represented by unions. "Roof falls are a constant hazard, but the bosses just keep on rushin'.". Lois Scott, a woman of about forty-five, begins to speak first. A rural county of 27,000, Harlan County's average household income is about $29,000. When they went to jail, they say, some of the women took their children with them. The Three Point disaster was the worst suffered in the county since December 9, 1932, when 23 men were killed in an explosion in "Zero" Mine of Harlan Fuel Company, Yancey. Other times, he says, "Roof was workin', rock was a-hangin', and it sounded like thunder. Is that the only objection that is holding up a settlement? By 1908 the union had . An open shop is where union membership is allowed but not mandated to work at that location. Name Entry; Harlan County Coal Operators' Association. "This troubles me; I don't sleep," Yarborough says. They want the terms of the standard UMW contract or better. It is thought that Middleton was assassinated for backing troops who were present in the County to protect the miners. KCA traces its origin to a statewide association of coal operators who united their efforts in 1942. 3.' They relate federal mine-safety figures which show that in 1971 the accident rate in the Brookside mine was three times the national average, and in 1972 was twice the national average. On May 5, 1931 the pot boiled over; in Harlan County Kentucky, heavily armed deputies and company men, called "gun thugs" by miners, confronted disgruntled union men on a road near Evarts. (This . When the smoke had cleared, the bodies of three guards and one miner were found, and an undetermined number of other dead and dying had been carried away into the mountains. A historical marker says we are near the Little Shepherd Trail, the setting for the novel Shepherd of the Hills. There were only three cars in the motorcade each of which contained a sheriffs deputy. The issues had been narrowed down to Eastover's demand for a "no-strike clause" and a limit on the power of the safety committee. Done Citation. The coal miners, lean and tough from Kentucky mountain life, knew how to fight back. It was two o'clock on a Monday morning when the accident occurred, and he'd been in the mine., more than twelve hours. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. However, the battle continues to this day. Why haven't the car bodies been removed from the highway and the streets? Prior to the strike, the pay of the Brookside miners started and stopped at the face of coal. "They sent me to 'Waterhole No. Harlan County, Kentucky is known for two things: bituminous coal and Bloody Harlan. There was a scuffle when a state police captain tried to remove one of the women, she says, adding, "Captain Cromer did get hit several times; I hit him with a stick myself." Blair made it clear that he was on the side of the mine operators and the people of the county lost any illusion that the law enforcement would be impartial in this strike. The three houses with baths rent for $24 a month, plus $14 a month for electricity. Some of the women say they haven't had a drink of water since moving to the Brookside camp. Her daughter, Bessie Cornett, an attractive young brunette, says, "I'm not in jail today because you people are here." Copy as parenthetical citation. There are very few vacant houses in Harlan County and virtually no available land to build on. There was no standard contract for the miners. The miners and the coal owners were still having disputes. This series of skirmishes and strikes, lasting from early 1931 into 1939, began because of the Harlan County Coal Operators' Association's (HCCOA) decision to cut miners' wages by 10%. Coal companies refused to back down while the Red Cross refused to give aid . The miners, impoverished due to their already low pay (this coming in the form of company scrip, room, and board), decided enough was enough, and some of them . Our driver points out Norman Yarborough's two-story frame house, across the highway from the camp and up out of the river bottom. We are handed copies of court records concerning a certain Claude Beach, who has been hired by Eastover during the strike as a "security guard." All too many Americans are under the naive belief that, while unions may have been necessary in the 30's, they are no longer needed in the United States today. He decided to make Harlan County a test case in the UMW's new, more aggressive organizing efforts. With the added protection for workers and the addition of collective bargaining between the workers and their employers. Mine operators viciously opposed miners' efforts to unionize, particularly in Harlan County. In 1981, he traded coal mining for gold mining as one of the founders of the current . Daniels was one of the most hated deputies in the county due to his anti-union views. Duke Power Company of North Carolina, he says, is the sixth largest utility company in the world. We stop for fish and chips at a chain-operated Long John Silver's Sea Food Shoppe, as out of place in the Cumberlands as a clam in a spruce tree. had them make me go in and pin it because it wasn't done right the first time. "Why couldn't the original thirteen colonies live with the same British policy that applied to all other British colonies?" Herndon J. Evans, the editor of the Pineville Sun, argued, The troubles of the coal industry had their inception in war times. Dateline Newport News, Virginia, November 12, 1931: Dreiser denies the charge and says he wants people to concentrate on the facts of the labor dispute and "get the American mind off sex for a moment." those in the Harlan County Coal Operators' Association, were run as open shops from October 27, 1933 - March 31, 1935. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The Act also made a provision for a National Labor-Relations Board to designate a legal structure for the workers to conduct fair and legal elections of their officers and representatives. Bobby's wife, Becky, who died in 2013, was a lifelong advocate for the people of Harlan County. The Brookside labor dispute erupted spontaneously soon after Miller's election. It seems that unfriendly local law enforcement officials kept a constant surveillance on Dreiser, hoping to catch him in something that would justify a criminal charge against him. the foreman would just say, "We gotta run coal. But Barbara Bode has arranged for eleven of them to come up onto the stage at the same time, and they seem to take strength from their numbers. United States Washington D.C. District of Columbia Washington D.C . It read: RE-ELECT GAW, JAILER. The miners could be fired if they refused to spend their paychecks only in the store. It is home to lawyers, doctors and coal operators; it has a hospital, several banks and a few fast-food . These guards were legally able to protect these men during their off duty time. But I ain't leaving because this is my home.". When McQueen was hurt, his foreman drove him to the hospital and left him there, and he was two hours hitchhiking home. We are joined by Bernie Aaronson, the young public relations director of the UMW, and John Ed Pierce, a reporter for the Louisville Courier-Journal. Almost immediately after the explosion became known rescue teams, under the direction of J. F. Bryson, safety director of the Harlan County Coal Operators association, started into the entry. Special Judge F. Byrd Hogg, a neighboring county judge who has been assigned to the case, entered an early order limiting the strikers to three pickets at each of two entrances to the Eastover Mining Company property. Harlan County to unionize miners. A shoulder blade and five of his ribs were broken. The SLU was largely seen as serving the interests of the mine owners rather than the workers. ", "They've done discriminated me," Grover Jennings continues. I glance at the new Piedmont magazine, Pace. [Verse 2] I got 27 peopl coming over to this house. Theoretically, even operators' and owners' children were . On Friday, October 3, 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt called a precedent-shattering meeting at the temporary White House at 22 Lafayette Place, Washington, D.C. A . No wonder R C Cola has so many signs everywhere. (That is a tough point.) "They don't want miners havin' any say in safety." But you must remember I am an immoral man. The remaining workforce then went on strike as a sign of solidarity with those that were fired from their jobs. "They didn't say nothin'; all they want's coal.' Sheriff Blair was voted out of his office in 1933 and died just a year later. Over one thousand shots were exchanged during those fifteen minutes. These charities began to give aid to blacklisted miners who were unable to find employment as the soup kitchens had closed once the NMU had closed its doors. The women say they then organized a "sunrise worship service" to begin at 4:30 on the morning of October 23, on the railroad tracks across the highway from the picket line. In response, the coal owners and operators decided to sell their fuel at below cost to increase the national dependency on coal. The Red Cross eventually became involved in the county along with several local charities. The group included John Dos Passos, Sherwood Anderson, and a number of other writers and artists. "The danger's just the same," they say. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Crossing the Clinch River, we turn onto Highway 421 and leave the modern world. While their main objectives were a steady job, a decent wage and a program of safety checks . We drive to the Evarts Community Center and report to the other members of the Citizens Inquiry. And, all around, there are the rolling mountains, covered with second-growth timber. It is unclear who fired that shot but both sides claim that the other side did it. I'm standing at 2800 feet above sea level. Here, too, are some of the richest natural resources in the countryand some of the poorest people. The miners express extreme dissatisfaction with Eastover's medical and retirement benefits. One of the better houses is already being demolished. In one of these, the septic tank has been out of order for several months. They just laughed about it, and we kept on cuttin' coal. Three Point, Harlan County, Kentucky September 16, 1943 No. ", What about the Southern Labor Union? Working barns of gray-black weathered wood. The final straw was when the Harlan County Coal Operators Association cut miners' wages by 10%. There is a hard edge in her voice, and her blue-gray eyes are flashing. Duke Power Company appears to be the key to breaking the deadlock in negotiations. "We've took about all we can take," he says. The Great Depression of 1929 through the late 1930s hit Harlan County Kentucky. James Sizemore says that frequently float dust, which is dangerously explosive, would get too heavy in the mine, and he would complain, but that. Horn's letter questions the fair-mindedness of the inquiry members. There were shots exchanged and all three deputies and one striker were killed. Conflict broke out again the 1970s in what was known as the Brookside strike. Duke went into the coal business directly in 1970 when it organized Eastover Mining Company as a wholly owned subsidiary and, through it, bought several mines in eastern Kentucky, including the one at Brookside. The Harlan County Wars took on its own epic spin on the ongoing fight between labor disputes and the coal operators and owners lasting almost ten years. The judge's fines and sentences were appealed. At these locations, the mine wages began to be comparable to other jobs around the nation. He does say, I think primarily for the record, that he would like to see negotiations begin again. He says that wages are no longer a problem and that the amount of the royalty to be paid into the UMW Welfare & Retirement Fund is not crucially important. ~~ David Sergent. Does the Association hire for all the mines in the county? A reporter asks us again how we can expect to make an unbiased report when we've heard only one side. It is the second coal mining fatality in . Throughout 1931, violence sprouted between miners KCA's constitution and by-laws were adopted on April 28, 1947, "to promote the best interest of the coal mining industry in the Commonwealth of Kentucky and all those engaged therein". Jacqueline Brophy is the daughter of Pat Brophy, who went into the mines when he was twelve, and who, in 1926, ran against John L. Lewis and lost. Why are people allowed to dump raw sewage in the streams? ", Bill Doan says that he was hurt in a rockfall at 7:15 one morning and that he didn't get out of the mine until nine o'clock. Source Citation [ }] Descriptive Note Contributors from initial SNAC EAC-CPF ingest. Midway in the trial, Judge Hogg dismissed the jury and directed a verdict of guilty. After breakfast, we travel fifteen miles east to Evarts. No one knows who fired the first shot but when it was over four were . They point out that most of the big coal companies, such as U.S. Steel and others, have signed UMW contracts, but that the smaller companies of eastern Kentucky have held out. 1 mine in Evarts, in Harlan County, Kentucky. Sadly, the state and federal troops would occupy the county several times. by Ron Soodalter. We come into Harlan County at dusk. Only to be escorted to the county line and told not to return. . It will be a two-hour, winding drive through the Cumberland Mountains to the town of Harlan. The miners say that they often have to stand knee-deep in water while handling 440-volt electrical cables. He says that, standing. Violence erupted that would periodically repeat itself for the next eight years. Others say they intend to speak and write about what they have heard. The sign man for R C Cola has worked this territory well. "If we could monitor these inspections, perhaps we could cut down on the fatalities," he says. Its initial land holdings were in the Irwin gas coal basin in Westmoreland County, but as these were exhausted the company purchased 14,000 acres of undeveloped coal land along the border of Boone and Logan Counties in West Virginia in 1923-28. . The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. More than twenty-four babies out of a thousand die before they are one year old, and the expenditure per child in the public schools is one-half the national average. It does not store any personal data. On September 9, 1935, for the first time since the beginning of the war, troops were dispatched to Harlan County on behalf of the miners by the Governor of the State of Kentucky. Segment Synopsis: Lois Scott continues her conversation from her previous interview. Four men were arrested in connection with this murder. On September 4, 1935, Harlan County Attorney Elmon Clay Middleton, age 31, was assassinated by a car bomb containing eighteen sticks of dynamite. Mine operators formed the 1 Harlan County Coal Operators Association and through this organization made collective decisions concerning the mines. As in Germany, the AFSC used need alone to determine who got fed. After the Battle of Evarts, the Red Cross and the United Mine Workers Union refused to help the striking men on the basis that it was now an industrial conflict that needed to be resolved internally. Eight miners were sentenced to life in prison for the actions that were taken on May 5, 1931. We agree that most of us lean toward the miners, but we think we can be fair in trying to learn the facts. Mr. Nolan, a resident of Cawood, is survived by his wife, Mrs. Stella Nolan . Harlan, district mine inspector of the State Department of Mines and Minerals, and James Bryson, safety director, Harlan County Coal Operators Association. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The Harlan County Coal War is one of the . The trees are barely beginning to bud in the early March warmth. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Unemployment in 2017 was 9.4 percent, far above the national average. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Some of the women cut switches and joined the picketers. They are merely a service organization, Yarborough says. The Citizens Inquiry meets in the attractive, river-rock Evarts Community Center, directly across the Clear Fork from the site of the 1931 "Battle of Evarts." Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Former Director of Harlan County Coal Operators Association. Freda Armes says, "I run him off. If for example, they did not behave in the way the companies wanted them to, they could lose all their benefits up to and including their jobs. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. That year, annual wages dropped from $1,235 to $749. No concessions or deals were made between the two factions and the membership of the United Mine Workers union plummeted. "I don't try to blacklist anybody," he says. I've got five living children and four dead. On May 5, 1931, the Battle of Evarts began. Kahn says that the miners were encouraged by Eastover's management, headed by Norman Yarborough, to join a small "company union," the Southern Labor Union. I have attended the University of Kentucky. 1938) Copy Citation . 1931, only $13.5 million. "My daddy's a retired coal miner, and he's got the black lung. Overturned car bodies everywhere. He hopes the other side will do the same. Its profits in 1973 were $90 million, up 14 percent from the year before. Dixon and union leaders worry that the union's disappearance in Kentucky has opened the door for coal operators to . Battle of Evartshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Evarts, National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/new-deal/national-industrial-recovery-act-of-1933/, Battle of Evartshttps://pipiwiki.com/wiki/Battle_of_Evarts, Battle of Evartshttps://wiki2.org/en/Battle_of_Evarts, Harlan County Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlan_County_War, A Brief History of Harlan County, USAhttps://labornotes.org/blogs/2019/08/brief-history-harlan-county-usa, Harlan County Warhttps://everipedia.org/Harlan_County_War, https://appalachiancenter.as.uky.edu/coal-strike/background-coal-strike, https://appalachiancenter.as.uky.edu/coal-strike/local-elite, https://appalachiancenter.as.uky.edu/coal-strike/new-york-writers, https://appalachiancenter.as.uky.edu/coal-strike/national-miners-union-and-other-radical-groups, The Wagner Act of 1935 (National Labor Relations Act)https://www.thebalancecareers.com/the-wagner-act-of-1935-national-labor-relations-act-2060509#:~:text=%20The%20Wagner%20Act%20defines%20and%20prohibits%20five,or%20administration%20of%20a%20labor%20organization.%20More%20, BOMB IN AUTO KILLS KENTUCKY OFFICIAL; Harlan County Attorney Predicted Assassination for Backing Troops in Election.https://www.nytimes.com/1935/09/05/archives/bomb-in-auto-kills-kentucky-official-harlan-county-attorney.html#:~:text=HARLAN%2C%20Ky.%2C%20Sept.%204%20%28AP%29.%20%20The%20death,his%20automobile.%20View%20Full%20Article%20in%20Timesmachine%20%C2%BB, Elmon Clay Middleton https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/70804679/elmon-clay-middleton, KENTUCKY HOLDS FOUR IN AUTO BOMB KILLING; Harlan Prosecutors Death Is Laid to His Fight Against Slot Machines.https://www.nytimes.com/1935/09/06/archives/kentucky-holds-four-in-auto-bomb-killing-harlan-prosecutors-death.html, Blackjewel Bankruptcy Leaves Damaged Lands and Miners Compensation in Limbo, https://ohiovalleyresource.org/2021/03/22/blackjewel-bankruptcy-finalized/, This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/?fbclid=IwAR21nYphw4Dul-_EwuAmSWgzsvPLNwsMM0FtV75j0y-mGUHq-lCZjJxZot8, For more about us, you can visit our Facebook at:https://www.facebook.com/kytnliving, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCs0oV5gFzIS2JdMJ3HvTOgA, When we forget our past and who we are as a people, then we become who they say we are. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Yarborough tells us that the company does not now object to paying the miners for portal-to-portal time for inside mine work, but that the union wants comparability for outside workers too, in effect requiring the company to pay outside workers overtime for all work in excess of a seven and-a-quarter-hour regular day. You come out of there lookin' like a hog that's been rootin' in the mud.' And always there is a murky roadside stream, beech and sycamore trees lining its banks. These interviews with major coal operators document their personal histories and the history of the coal industry in eastern Kentucky during the twentieth century. Harry Caudill, attorney and author of Night Comes to the Cumberlands, will not be able to join us in Harlan because of legal business. There was an addition to where miners could choose their own representation for these negotiations. Steeped in Appalachian culture and surrounded by the influence of coal, Harlan County has amassed an interesting reputation and national attention with rest of the world. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. During the big coal boom in the early 1900s, Harlan County was amongst the largest contributors. They file with us copies of specific federal safety violation reports, and they say that nothing was ever done to correct these violations. 2011: $1,161,330. Harlan County U.S.A. by Felicia Elliott, August 2, 2016. He said that when the coal industry was at its height in 1928, the peak of . They lobby in Frankfort and Washington and sponsor an annual "Coal Miners Day" to try to get more high school students interested in mining engineering. And lastly, the Harlan Fox Mining Co - presumably derived from the Harlan Fox Coal Co - was in operation from 1925-1932. We drive through the streets of the town of Harlan, past the stores and houses, past the Harlan Baptist Church with a sign out front which reads: "If you are unkind, you are the wrong kind." Miners die, and last year was the deadliest in American coal mines in more than a decade. We're all involved. Afterwards, they gathered near the picket line at the Eastover property in Brookside. She says that she and some of the other women hid out last night to avoid being served with a contempt citation from Judge Hogg's court. Soon after the "Battle of Evarts," novelist Theodore Dreiser led a citizens' group to Harlan County to find and publicize the bloody facts. The miners speak of other dissatisfactions with Eastover and the old Southern Labor Union contract. During the day, a man came and said that if their children weren't out of the jail by night, the welfare people would take them. Mr. Blanton explained the reasoning behind coal camps. In the face of what promised to be a lengthy struggle for the Harlan County coal miners of 1931, their wildcat strike had left thousands jobless and many homeless as well. Based on this new Act, from October 27, 1933, to March 31, 1935, the mines ran as open shops. The most memorable of those are 1964, 1966, 1969 (The West Virginia Black Lung strike that the miners won) 1971, and the 1974 Strikes. But will Norman Yarborough ever agree to recognize the UMW? Nonunion workers were attempting to leave the mine. Yarborough replies. We look back on the film, which screens this Sunday, February . I have been married to David W. Sergent since May 4, 2013. Paternalism is the practice of people who have a business or other authority to restrict the freedoms of those who are subordinate to them. On Friday, March 25, a continuous mining machine operator was killed by a wall collapse at the Huff Creek No. The group publishes policy papers on the benefits of coal for Kentucky and sponsors the "Friends of Coal" initiative. The women spent the night. 5355, atEvarts . A thousand feet below me lies a small, green valley, partly shrouded by the morning mist. The coal companies refused to back down from their positions and change anything. Harlan County. There is no water in the house. Looking for protection by the Kentucky National Guard, many were surprised to find that they broke the picket lines instead. Yellow-dog contracts (Contracts where the employees agreed to never organize into a union before they were employed with a coal company), company unions, blacklists, all tactics that were employed by the companies to bust up unions, and discrimination-based on union activity were all outlawed under this act. Faith Primitive Baptist Church. They want portal-to-portal pay from the time they enter the mine until they leave it. Genders. The name comes from a series of United Mine Workers strikes and labor-management battles which ended in a gunfight between deputized mine guards and miners on May 4, 1931, in the tiny community of Evarts. [6] Nearly four thousand miners working and living in Harlan County, Kentucky lost their jobs in the Great Depression. Lifelong resident of Harlan. Is the safety provision in the UMW contract the sticking point for Eastover? Outlining the legal framework for labor unions and management relations to improve the working conditions for workers. The accident was investigated by Rufus Bailey, Harlan, district mine inspector of the State Department of Mines and Minerals, and James Bryson, safety director, Harlan County Coal Operators Association. J. D. Skidmore says, "I have no chance of getting a job in Harlan County if this strike is not settled." Before this war was over it is not known exactly how many miners, coal operators, deputies, and bosses would be killed. California labor activist Caroline Decker also raised money for the relief of the striking miner efforts. Norman Yarborough, head of Eastover Mining Company, is not coming either. Rev. I remind her that Duke and Eastover executives were invited, and have refused to appear before us. (Eastover offered fifty cents a ton.) No help came to those that were in starving situations due to no money to spend on food and no admittance to the company store unless they were gainfully employed by the coal mine. If those under them behave in an approved manner then they receive housing, work, food, and other perks of their position. It is also women's day before the Citizens In-quiry. Si Kahn says that Eastover tried for a time to operate the mine with "scabs," but that the mine was shut down when the coal miners' wives and other women joined the men on the picket line. She talks about the women being armed with sticks, mace . Dalton points out that there were 132 mine fatalities in the United States in 1973, only seventeen of them in UMW mines. Why wasn't the fuse replaced at once? We huddle before breaking up. From July 30, 2019, through September 28, 2019, coal miners and their families have blocked roads and railways demanding their payment. Some seventy-five state policemen were on hand as the crowd gathered. The slab of slate, more than 51 feet long, and 17 feet wide and weighing tons, was dodged by two men. That commitment has never waivered, and has grown . You just don't hit a woman in Harlan County." She speaks in a soft, pleasant voice. The union abandoned its efforts after less than a year. There were ten lodges that were chartered for the National Miners Union. Ky., told the Senate Civil Liberties Committee as it resumed its investigation of alleged terrorism in connection with Harlan County Coal Operators' efforts to resist union organization drives. Each contract varied from mine to mine. Yarborough is tough and unyielding. . You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. He can't never walk again." The aftermath of this battle led to wider strikes in the Harlan County area. gundungurra word list,

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