micrococcus luteus biochemical tests

Micrococcus luteus are Gram-positive, to Gram-variable, motile -non motile, that are 0.5 to 3.5 micrometers in diameter and usually arranged in tetrads or irregular clusters. Micrococcus species are more sensitive to the Bacitracin while the staphylococci are resistant. They are seldom motile and are non-sporing. Welcome to Microbugz - Triple Sugar Iron Agar Test - austincc.edu The skin infections or chronic cutaneous infections that are caused can result in pruritic eruptions of the skin in some of the areas as well as scattered papule lesions with or without central ulcerations. Staphylococcus aureus. A very important test in the categorization of the staphylococci is the coagulase test. Ans: Although it is a harmless saprophyte, Micrococcus luteus can act as an opportunistic pathogen. Once the culture was deemed pure enough, I inoculated a slant tube. The GC content of the DNA ranges from about 65 to 75 mol%. The catalase and the oxidase tests came up negative, because the catalase test did not form bubbles, and the oxidase test did not see a color change. 91 988-660-2456 (Mon-Sun: 9am - 11pm IST), Want to read offline? Isolates of the M. luteus have been found to overproduce the riboflavin, Micrococcus Luteus Gram Stain Characteristics, Micrococci have been isolated from the human skin, animal and dairy products, and in beer. Micrococcus as the cause of infections is easy to overlook because the infections that are caused by this bacterium are rare as well as the bacterium is a natural part of the skin's bacterial flora. Exposure to these wavelengths of ultraviolet light has been correlated with an increased incidence of skin cancer, and scientists believe this pigment can be used to make a sunscreen that can protect against ultraviolet light.[9]. I hypothesized that it would be a bacteria commonly found in the nasal cavities and likely from the aforementioned phyla, so it would likely do best living in an aerobic, humid, and warm environment. Maximum production of pigments was observed at 35C, pH 9 and at 4% (W/V) NaCl concentration. // Know more about our courses. Micrococcus luteus - Microbiology - University of Alaska Fairbanks Micrococcus lutues are Gram positive cocci that are 0.5 to 3.5 m in diameter and arranged in tetrads or irregular clusters. They also produce yellow or pink colonies when they are grown on the mannitol salt agar, micrococcus flavus, M. terreus, and M. yunnanensis. U.S. 2022 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. The positive catalase result lines up with M. luteus (Public Health England). In this presentation, we will discuss the fundamentals of the primary identification of those microorganisms that are members of four main families of Gram-positive cocci, the Micrococcaceae, the Staphylococcaceae, the Streptococcaceae, and the Enterococcaceae. They are generally strict aerobes and can generally reduce nitrate. They have a respiratory metabolism, often producing little or no acid from carbohydrates, and are usually halotolerant, growing in 5% NaCl. J Gen Microbiol 30(1963)409-427 . Micrococcus Catalase Test: The catalase test facilitates the detection of the enzyme catalase in bacteria. Each family of Gram-positive cocci has its own unique configuration. Where the M. luteus can cause severe skin infections and is sometimes clinically mistaken for Staphylococcus aureus. With this almost universal range of survivable living conditions that microbes can live in (particularly bacteria), it would be reasonable to assume that there would be at least one variety living in such a nice, wet, and aerated place as my shower drain. Filter paper disks impregnated with tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (oxidase reagent) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are used. This matches up with the PATRIC metagenome binning which also showed some impurities (Figure 1). document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Built with Enlightenment Theme and WordPress. They are catalase positive and often oxidase positive although this reaction may be weak (see Table 23.3 ). M. luteus played an important part in Flemings discovery of Lysozyme which is the bodys natural antibiotic. In order to determine physiological characteristics of the culture such as cell shape, arrangement, and whether it was gram positive or negative, which helps determine the cell wall type of the microbe, I performed a gram stain. Enterobacter aerogenes fermented the sugars but turned to the amino acids. Production of bubbles indicates a positive reaction. 1. Bassis CM, AL Tang, VB Young, and MA Pynnonen (2014). Micrococcus luteus has been shown to survive in oligotrophic environments for extended periods of time. The EMB agar showed no growth or change in color, also indicating the microbe was gram positive and a non-fermenter. Cells are catalase positive, oxidase positive, and exhibit strictly aerobic metabolism. 2002 can be divided into three biovars that are distinguished by several chemotaxonomic and biochemical traits: biovar I represented by the type strain of Micrococcus luteus; biovar II represented by strain D7 DSM 14234 CCM 4959; and biovar III . I would hypothesise that because we clean our shower regularly, that most of the bacterium un the shower drain would come from people in my family taking a shower, and mostly be from the skin. If the agar plate is held up to a light source, you can sometimes see through the agar, as is pictured on the left. Methods: To start isolating the bacterium, I used a sterile swab wet with deionized water provided by the lab to pick up bacteria from the shower drain. The results of these tests provide a biochemical profile, or "fingerprint," that can be used to classify or even identify the bacterial species. To identify our isolate after obtaining the pure culture, we performed many different tests. I think based on all this information, that my microbe is in fact micrococcus luteus as suggested by the PATRIC metagenome binning test, and the krona (Figure 1). There have been several deaths in immuno-compromised children that are caused by. The micrococci produce tetrads consisting of 4 cocci clustered together. Some are based on monoclonal antibodies, and others on simple, rapid . Biochemical 1- Catalase (+ve) 2- Coagulase (-ve) PDF International Journal of Recent Scientific Research I extracted the DNA using the PowerSoil DNA kit (manufactured by Qiagen) following manufacturer instructions. M. luteus is the majority of reads on the species level. The large polysaccharide molecule starch contains two parts, amylose and amylopectin, these are rapidly hydrolyzed using a hydrolase called alpha-amylase to produce smaller molecules: dextrins, maltose, and glucose. Millions of microbes live both on and in the human body and can both make help us survive or make us sick, less than 1% of bacteria cause disease (What are microbes, 2010). They are found in soil, dust, water and air, and as part of the normal microbiota of skin. are gram-positive, oxidase-positive, and strictly they are aerobic cocci that are belonging to the family Micrococcaceae. The previous classification of these organisms was much simpler; however, with the use of more advanced genetic sequencing methods, these gram-positive cocci have expanded into 4 separate families and their associated genera. In the case of a negative test, no colour change is observed. 1. This is designated as beta ()-hemolysis. I used Prokka Genome Annotation to identify which genes are present in the bacterium, Kraken Metagenomics to identify what the DNA reads correlated to on different taxonomic levels, and SPAdes Genome Assembler to determine how many contigs were produced from the reads that were produced. Following incubation at 37oC, if the plasma forms a clot, the organism is coagulase positive. Benecky M. J.; Frew J. E.; Scowen N; Jones P, Hoffman B. M (1993). Culture Characteristics: Colonies are shades of yellow or red. This microbe is coccus shaped and forms in tetrads. After you have cultivated your organism on agar media, the next step is the microscopic examination. The differentiation is based on the detection of oxidase enzyme. The conflicting results of the metagenome binning and the catalase test influenced this mistake. Reaction: To test for the presence of alpha amylase, a starch hydrolysis test can be performed. Coagulase, which is an enzyme involved in the conversion of serum fibrinogen to fibrin, causes the clotting of plasma. M. luteus oxidizes carbohydrates to CO2 and water, and it does not produce acid from glucose as well as it does not make arginine dihydrolase or b-galactosidase. Colony pigmentation varies considerably but is usually different shades of yellow or cream-white. The confidence on that reading is decently confident, evidenced by the blue coloring. // Date: FEB.11.2016 In the presence of atmospheric oxygen, the oxidase enzyme reacts with the oxidase reagent and cytochrome C to form the coloured compound, indophenol indicated as blue or purplish-blue colouration on the disc after the introduction of the bacterial colony on the disc. Motility Test (Procedure) - Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham An obligate aerobe, M. luteus is found in soil, dust, water and air, and as part of the normal microbiota of the mammalian skin. It grew in circular, entire, convex and creamy yellow pigmented colonies heaving 0.5-2.5 diameter. [2] It resists antibiotic treatment by slowing of major metabolic processes and induction of unique genes[citation needed]. What test differentiate staphylococcus from micrococcus Micrococci can often carry plasmids that provide the organism with useful traits. Biochemical Test and Identification of Staphylococcus aureus The microscopic morphology of the organisms as visualized using the Grams stain can give initial clues as to the possible identification of the organism. I am an associate professor in the Clinical Laboratory Science program at Wayne State University. It has been associated with causing a variety of illnesses including septic arthritis, meningitis, endocarditis, chronic cutaneous infections in HIV-positive patients, and catheter infections. Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative coccus that is an important part of the group of microorganisms causing urinary tract infections (UTIs), particularly in young sexually active females. Similar to the situation in the prosthetic valve endocarditis that is caused by more aggressive and highly resistant bacteria. Gram Staining. Label the slide with the name of the organism; Place 15 - 20 uL of the culture in the middle of the slide // If the infection leads to severe hemodynamic alterations, thus the valve replacement may become necessary. Those are extremely toxic because they are powerful oxidizing agents and destroy cellular constituents very rapidly. I used the Kirby-Bauer, or disk diffusion test to test for this, described in lab handout 9. The two unifying characteristics of these four families are their coccoid shape and the fact that they stain purple in the Grams method for visualizing bacteria microscopically. Under the microscope they are round cells. M. luteus has the capability to show dormancy without the formation of spores. Three bacteria, E.coli, Staphylococcus epidermis, and Micrococcus luteus, have been grown on TSI or Triple sugar iron agar medium, which is a .

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